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An air embolism occurs when air enters the vascular system, which can lead to serious complications. Signs of an air embolism can vary, but they often include cold extremities due to impaired blood flow, chest pain, which may arise from hypoxia or obstructed blood flow, and shortness of breath, a respiratory symptom caused by blockage in the pulmonary circulation.

The inclusion of all these symptoms as indicators of an air embolism reflects the multifaceted nature of its presentation. Cold extremities can occur as a result of reduced perfusion, chest pain is a common complaint when there is damage to heart tissue or reduced oxygen delivery, and shortness of breath directly reflects the respiratory impact of air obstructing blood flow in the lungs. This comprehensive understanding of the signs underscores the importance of rapid recognition and intervention in a clinical setting, making the selection of "All of the above" a valid conclusion for identifying signs of an air embolism.