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The duration of therapy through peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) is generally limited primarily due to the risk of infection. PIVs are placed in peripheral veins, and although they are essential for short-term intravenous therapies, prolonged use increases the likelihood of complications such as phlebitis and systemic infections, including bacteremia. The skin provides a natural barrier against pathogens, but once the integrity of this barrier is compromised by the catheter insertion, the risk of microbial invasion increases.

To mitigate the risk of infections, healthcare providers often adhere to guidelines that recommend limiting the duration that a PIV can remain in place. Additionally, frequent assessments of the insertion site and a diligent emphasis on sterile technique during both insertion and maintenance are crucial for preventing infection. By establishing a maximum time frame for PIV use, clinicians aim to balance the need for intravenous access with patient safety, thereby reducing complications associated with longer-term use of these devices.

The other options, while relevant in various contexts, do not primarily determine the duration of therapy through PIVs. Pain management is typically considered during the insertion process rather than as a limiting factor for duration. Availability of resources may affect the choice of intravenous access device but does not inherently limit the duration of therapy. Patient